Mexico – Part 2

I awake to darkness.  For the briefest of moments I lie in bed confused, wondering where I am, unsure of how I came to this place.  Exposed wooden beams hang above me like row housing suspended in the sky, and walls washed in sienna hold Mayan art that feels of an other world, ancient and native.  As quickly as the sense of being lost strikes me, I remember where I am: San Cristóbal de las Casas.

Beside me, Preciliano sleeps peacefully unaware of my stirrings, so I rise quietly, a wisp of smoke slipping from beneath the covers.  I pull on a pair of shorts and step outside to the second floor balcony.  Here on the outskirts of the city I face the mountainside where jungle still controls the land.  Above the trees I see the first hints of umber painting the eastern horizon, mountaintops silhouetted against the promise of a sunrise to come.  I settle against the rough wooden fence and watch.

Even as tawny fingers stretch into the black sky, I remain aware of how filled with stars the canopy above me is, how coming from Dallas to this place so near the Guatemala border affords me so much that has been lost: a night full of twinkling voices that long ago were hushed in civilized society, a nighttime silence that feels oppressive in its beauty, and the stirring of nature in its sacred home.

I’ve been to the tops of mountains before, including many of Colorado’s fourteeners, but this is different.  San Cristóbal feels so much less commercial, so much less accessible.  It feels almost as if it exists in a different time, and so I feel the same: a city boy lost in a tropical paradise worlds apart from where I live.

Driven from the night sky, stars blink out like lit candles blown by a gentle wind, and suddenly they’re gone with nary a goodbye.  I watch in awe as one by one they step down from their celestial pedestals and disappear behind a curtain of dim sunlight that struggles to seize the heavens.

The air rests cool and moist against my bare skin.  A gentle breeze caresses me.  Somewhere not too distant in the shadowy realm of the jungle, I hear a bird whose voice I do not recognize, the first of many such voices to come.  A sense of thrill rises within me as I think of the day that lies ahead.

Vermilion hues tint the sky, and where streaks of morning battle the cobalt night, brushstrokes of crimson bleed across the stars. The world provides a dawn of such unspoken beauty that its description stumbles over words and loses itself even in deft writ.  I wonder if I can ever describe the splendor.

“Buenos días,” Preciliano says from behind me as he rests his hands on my shoulders.  I’m momentarily startled as he leans against me and settles his face against mine, both of us looking out toward the looming bright of day.

I turn my head slightly so I can see him.  He stares fiercely toward the horizon, toward the gathering forces of day which continue their onward march.  The night retreats before it.  This battle has gone on for time immemorial yet has never lost its potent awe.

More and more the indigo retreats toward the west until it disappears, giving way to azure, then sapphire, and finally cyan.  All the while, vermilion races across the heavens until it too is pushed from existence.  In its wake, amber and gold first, then flaxen, and finally bright yellow just before the sun climbs into the sky, a solar parade of one carefully offering its brilliance to all who welcome it, and forcing it on all others.

“La belleza…” Preciliano whispers into my ear when at last the horizon explodes in sunlight.

It’s difficult not weeping at that moment.  Mountains become dark shadows standing between us and the sun, immovable soldiers who guard this city despite the daily battles fought in the heavens.  Wisps of rouge and tangerine streak through the ether above us, a place where the forces of light and the forces of dark clash in an indescribable dichotomy.

Then not twenty feet distant, a raucous call booms from the trees.  We both snap our heads toward the sound and smile in unison: a toucan calls into the morning, celebrates with us this memorable start to the day.  Its size amazes me, its beak shines in bright colors, and its voice seems to welcome us to San Cristóbal.

I know it will be a fine day indeed.

Archenemy

Little more than two weeks ago I had a fateful run-in with a mob of my archenemy, the red wasp (Polistes carolina).

A red wasp (Polistes carolina) crawling through the grass (2009_07_31_028132)

Since developing my deadly allergy to bee, ant and wasp stings almost three decades ago, this represents the only wasp species to sting me, a ubiquitous critter in the southern United States.  As each sting has resulted in a reaction exponentially worse than the one before, over the years my loathing of these wasps has grown by leaps and bounds.

A red wasp (Polistes carolina) crawling through the grass (2009_07_31_028133)

It’s the only species of wasp capable of eliciting palpable fear.  Quite honestly, I don’t have a single good photo of a red wasp because I tend to run in the opposite direction when I see one.  Any other wasp and I’m all up in its face asking it to smile for a portrait.  But red wasps?  Um, no, not so much.

A red wasp (Polistes carolina) crawling through the grass (20080614_06802)

As is typical with most Polistes spp., red wasps are just plain mean and always ready to pick a fight.  Individually they tend toward being busy hunting or chewing wood to make pulp; collectively they’re a gang of thugs wanting to pummel anything that moves.

So when one got inside the house yesterday, barely two weeks after her ilk did significant bodily harm to me, I didn’t think twice about kicking her ass.  I capture most home invaders and relocate them outside; red wasps are now on the list of things to kill first and ask questions never.

The odd introduction

I recently addressed some of the many introduced species in Texas, including various deer in addition to blackbucks and aoudads.  It’s true that there are many nonnative mammals inhabiting the Lone Star State.

But what I want to address now is the odd introduction: the house finch (Carpodacus mexicanus).

A male house finch (Carpodacus mexicanus) perched on a reed (2009_11_26_042079)

This bird indeed is endemic to Texas.  In fact, Texas is the only place where the native territories of house finches and purple finches (Carpodacus purpureus) come close to each other.  Purple finches are an eastern species whilst house finches are a western species.

So to the chagrin of “purist” birders in North America, house finches are an introduced species everywhere east of the Rocky Mountains except Texas.  That’s right: if you don’t live in Texas and if you live east of the Rocky Mountains, house finches are a nonnative species.  To wit, you can lump house finches in with house sparrows (Passer domesticus) and European starlings (Sturnus vulgaris).

A male house finch (Carpodacus mexicanus) eating fruit (2009_12_20_045823)

Before the 1940s, house finches were resident only in Mexico and the southwestern United States.  But pretty birds don’t stay localized for long; people capture them and take them everywhere.  Then stupidity sets in and the birds wind up released.  So when “Hollywood Finches”, as they were called at the time, were deemed illegal east of the Rocky Mountains under the Migratory Bird Treaty Act, what did owners and dealers do with them?  They released them, of course.

A female house finch (Carpodacus mexicanus) perched on a branch (2009_11_07_037504)

According to scientific studies, house finches are shown to displace native purple finches in eastern North America.  In fact, they’ve also displaced house sparrows in some areas.  Sounds like pick your poison, or at least pick the lesser of two evils.

Most troubling, though, is the purple finch issue: purple finch numbers are declining throughout their territory, and evidence suggests that house finches and house sparrows are at least partly to blame (the two species have been documented as out-competing purple finches for food and nest locations).

A male house finch (Carpodacus mexicanus) perched in a tree (2010_04_03_052372)

So it goes without saying: if you live east of the Rocky Mountains but outside of Texas, and if you practice a “native first” mentality with regards to nature, house finches should be your enemy if you hate house sparrows and European starlings.  Otherwise you hate the native purple finch and you are hypocrite, cognitive dissonance notwithstanding.

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The next post in this nonnative series will be about a truly invasive species.  We’re terribly anthropocentric, so we call “introduced” species “invasive” since we don’t want to own responsibility for their presence.  But an invasive species is quite different from an introduced species: introduced means we’re responsible while invasive means the critters are responsible.  In the scheme of things, the vast majority of hated creatures are introduced, not invasive.  And some invasive species are loved, which is precisely the kind of species I’ll cover next.

And yes, I’m increasingly disgusted with nature purists.  How selective they are.  Shall I mention their dislike of brown-headed cowbirds and their attempts to kill this species in hopes of protecting other birds?  Shall I mention their disgust with house sparrows and European starlings whilst they pretend cattle egrets are A-OK?  Shall I mention their hate of rock pigeons while they ignore the hunting of mourning doves—deaths in the millions each year?  I’m only just getting started…