As the government of the United States is not, in any sense, founded on the Christian religion; as it has in itself no character of enmity against the laws, religion or tranquility of Musselmen [Muslims] … it is declared … that no pretext arising from religious opinion shall ever product an interruption of the harmony existing between the two countries…. The United States is not a Christian nation any more than it is a Jewish or a Mohammedan nation.

— Treaty of Tripoli, 1797, the English version of which was carried unanimously by the Senate, signed into law by President John Adams, and translated into Arabic (the original language is by Joel Barlow, U.S. Consul)